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365 | def __init__(self, path: PathLike, libtype: LibType | None = None, **kwargs: Any) -> None: # noqa: C901, PLR0912, PLR0915
"""Load a library.
For example, a C/C++, FORTRAN, .NET, Java, Delphi, LabVIEW, ActiveX, ... library.
Args:
path: The path to the library.
The search order to find the library is:
1. assume that a full or a relative (to the current working directory) path is specified
2. use [ctypes.util.find_library][]{:target="_blank"}
3. search [sys.path][]{:target="_blank"}
4. search [os.environ["PATH"]][os.environ]{:target="_blank"}.
If loading a [COM]{:target="_blank"} library, `path` may either be the
* ProgID (e.g, `"InternetExplorer.Application"`), or the
* CLSID (e.g., `"{2F7860A2-1473-4D75-827D-6C4E27600CAC}"`).
[COM]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/com/component-object-model--com--portal
libtype: The library type.
The following values are supported:
* `cdll`: a library that uses the `__cdecl` calling convention
(default value if not specified and not a Java library)
* `windll` or `oledll`: a library that uses the `__stdcall` calling convention
* `net` or `clr`: a .NET library (Common Language Runtime)
* `java`: a Java archive (`.jar` or `.class` files)
* `com`: a [COM]{:target="_blank"} library
* `activex`: an [ActiveX]{:target="_blank"} library
[COM]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/com/component-object-model--com--portal
[ActiveX]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/com/activex-controls
!!! tip
Since the `.jar` or `.class` extension uniquely defines a Java library,
`libtype` will automatically be set to `java` if `path` ends with
`.jar` or `.class`.
!!! note "Support for library types were added in the following `msl-loadlib` versions"
* 0.1: __cdecl, __stdcall, .NET
* 0.4: Java
* 0.5: COM
* 0.9: ActiveX
kwargs: All additional keyword arguments are passed to the object that loads the library.
If `libtype` is
* `cdll` → [ctypes.CDLL][]{:target="_blank"}
* `windll` → [ctypes.WinDLL][]{:target="_blank"}
* `oledll` → [ctypes.OleDLL][]{:target="_blank"}
* `net` or `clr` → all keyword arguments are ignored
* `java` → [JavaGateway][py4j.java_gateway.JavaGateway]{:target="_blank"}
* `com` → [comtypes.CreateObject][CreateObject]{:target="_blank"}
* `activex` → [Application.load][msl.loadlib.activex.Application.load]
Raises:
OSError: If the library cannot be loaded.
ValueError: If the value of `libtype` is not supported.
"""
# a reference to the ActiveX application
self._app: Application | None = None
# a reference to the library
self._lib: Any = None
# a reference to the .NET Runtime Assembly
self._assembly: Any = None
# a reference to the Py4J JavaGateway
self._gateway: Any = None
if not path:
msg = f"Must specify a non-empty path, got {path!r}"
raise ValueError(msg)
# fixes Issue #8, if `path` is a <class 'pathlib.Path'> object
path = os.fsdecode(path)
_libtype: str
if libtype is None: # noqa: SIM108
_libtype = "java" if path.endswith((".jar", ".class")) else "cdll"
else:
_libtype = libtype.lower()
if _libtype not in _LIBTYPES:
msg = f"Invalid libtype {_libtype!r}\nMust be one of: {', '.join(_LIBTYPES)}"
raise ValueError(msg)
# create a new reference to `path` just in case the
# default_extension is appended below so that the
# ctypes.util.find_library function call will use the
# unmodified value of `path`
_path = path
# assume a default extension if no extension was provided
_, ext = os.path.splitext(path)
if not ext and _libtype not in {"java", "com", "activex"}:
_path += default_extension
self._path: str
if _libtype not in {"com", "activex"}:
file = os.path.abspath(_path)
if os.path.isfile(file):
self._path = file
else:
# for find_library use the original 'path' value since it may be a library name
# without any prefix like 'lib', suffix like '.so', '.dylib' or version number
file2 = ctypes.util.find_library(path)
if file2 is None: # then search sys.path and os.environ['PATH']
success = False
search_dirs = sys.path + os.environ["PATH"].split(os.pathsep)
for directory in search_dirs:
p = os.path.join(directory, _path)
if os.path.isfile(p):
self._path = p
success = True
break
if not success:
msg = f"Cannot find {path!r} for libtype={_libtype!r}"
raise OSError(msg)
else:
self._path = file2
else:
self._path = _path
if _libtype == "cdll":
self._lib = ctypes.CDLL(self._path, **kwargs)
elif _libtype == "windll":
self._lib = ctypes.WinDLL(self._path, **kwargs)
elif _libtype == "oledll":
self._lib = ctypes.OleDLL(self._path, **kwargs)
elif _libtype == "com":
if not is_comtypes_installed():
msg = "Cannot load a COM library because comtypes is not installed.\nRun: pip install comtypes"
raise OSError(msg)
from comtypes import ( # type: ignore[import-untyped] # pyright: ignore[reportMissingTypeStubs]
GUID, # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownVariableType]
)
from comtypes.client import ( # type: ignore[import-untyped] # pyright: ignore[reportMissingTypeStubs]
CreateObject, # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownVariableType]
)
try:
clsid = GUID.from_progid(self._path) # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownVariableType,reportUnknownMemberType]
except (TypeError, OSError):
msg = f"Cannot find {path!r} for libtype='com'"
raise OSError(msg) from None
self._lib = CreateObject(clsid, **kwargs)
elif _libtype == "activex":
from .activex import Application
self._app = Application()
self._lib = self._app.load(self._path, **kwargs)
elif _libtype == "java":
if not is_py4j_installed():
msg = "Cannot load a Java file because Py4J is not installed.\nRun: pip install py4j"
raise OSError(msg)
from py4j.java_gateway import ( # type: ignore[import-untyped] # pyright: ignore[reportMissingTypeStubs]
GatewayParameters, # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownVariableType]
JavaGateway, # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownVariableType]
)
from py4j.version import ( # type: ignore[import-untyped] # pyright: ignore[reportMissingTypeStubs]
__version__, # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownVariableType]
)
# find the py4j*.jar file (needed to import the py4j.GatewayServer on the Java side)
filename = f"py4j{__version__}.jar"
py4j_jar = os.environ.get("PY4J_JAR", "")
if py4j_jar:
if not os.path.isfile(py4j_jar) or os.path.basename(py4j_jar) != filename:
msg = (
f"A PY4J_JAR environment variable exists, "
f"but the full path to {filename} is invalid\n"
f"PY4J_JAR={py4j_jar}"
)
raise OSError(msg)
else:
root = os.path.dirname(sys.executable)
for item in [root, os.path.dirname(root), os.path.join(os.path.expanduser("~"), ".local")]:
py4j_jar = os.path.join(item, "share", "py4j", filename)
if os.path.isfile(py4j_jar):
break
if not os.path.isfile(py4j_jar):
msg = (
f"Cannot find {filename}\n"
f"Create a PY4J_JAR environment variable to be equal to the full path to {filename}"
)
raise OSError(msg)
gp = kwargs.pop("gateway_parameters", GatewayParameters(address="127.0.0.1", port=get_available_port()))
# build the java command
wrapper = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "py4j-wrapper.jar")
cmd = ["java", "-cp", f"{py4j_jar}{os.pathsep}{wrapper}", "Py4JWrapper", str(gp.port)]
# from the URLClassLoader documentation:
# Any URL that ends with a '/' is assumed to refer to a directory. Otherwise, the URL
# is assumed to refer to a JAR file which will be downloaded and opened as needed.
if ext == ".jar":
cmd.append(self._path)
else: # it is a .class file
cmd.append(f"{os.path.dirname(self._path)}/")
try:
# start the py4j.GatewayServer
flags = 0x08000000 if IS_WINDOWS else 0 # fixes issue 31, CREATE_NO_WINDOW = 0x08000000
_ = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, creationflags=flags) # noqa: S603
except OSError as e:
err = str(e).rstrip()
err += "\nYou must have a Java Runtime Environment installed and available on PATH"
raise OSError(err) from None
try:
wait_for_server(gp.address, gp.port, 10.0)
except OSError as e:
err = str(e).rstrip()
err += "\nCould not start the Py4J GatewayServer"
raise OSError(err) from None
self._gateway = JavaGateway(gateway_parameters=gp, **kwargs)
self._lib = self._gateway.jvm # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
elif _libtype in {"net", "clr"}:
if not is_pythonnet_installed():
msg = "Cannot load a .NET Assembly because pythonnet is not installed.\nRun: pip install pythonnet"
raise OSError(msg)
import clr # type: ignore[import-untyped] # pyright: ignore[reportMissingTypeStubs]
import System # type: ignore[import-not-found] # pyright: ignore[reportMissingImports]
dotnet = {"System": System}
# the library must be available in sys.path
head, tail = os.path.split(self._path)
sys.path.insert(0, head)
System: Any # type: ignore[no-redef] # noqa: N806 # cSpell: ignore redef
try: # noqa: SIM105
# don't include the library extension
clr.AddReference(os.path.splitext(tail)[0]) # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
except (System.IO.FileNotFoundException, System.IO.FileLoadException):
# The file must exist since its existence is checked above.
# There must be another reason why loading the DLL raises this
# error. Calling LoadFile (below) provides more information
# in the error message.
pass
try:
# By default, pythonnet can only load libraries that are for .NET 4.0+
#
# In order to allow pythonnet to load a library from .NET <4.0 the
# useLegacyV2RuntimeActivationPolicy property needs to be enabled
# in a <python-executable>.config file. If the following statement
# raises a FileLoadException then attempt to create the configuration
# file that has the property enabled and then notify the user why
# loading the library failed and ask them to re-run their Python
# script to load the .NET library.
self._assembly = System.Reflection.Assembly.LoadFile(self._path)
except System.IO.FileLoadException as err:
# Example error message that can occur if the library is for .NET <4.0,
# and the useLegacyV2RuntimeActivationPolicy is not enabled:
#
# " Mixed mode assembly is built against version 'v2.0.50727' of the
# runtime and cannot be loaded in the 4.0 runtime without additional
# configuration information. "
if str(err).startswith("Mixed mode assembly is built against version"):
py_exe = sys.executable
if sys.prefix != sys.base_prefix:
# Python is running in a venv/virtualenv
# When using conda environments, sys.prefix == sys.base_prefix
py_exe = os.path.join(sys.base_prefix, os.path.basename(py_exe))
status, msg = check_dot_net_config(py_exe)
if status == 0:
msg = f"Checking .NET config returned {msg!r} and still cannot load the library.\n{err}"
raise OSError(msg) from err
msg = "The above 'System.IO.FileLoadException' is not handled.\n"
raise OSError(msg) from err
try:
types = self._assembly.GetTypes()
except Exception as e: # noqa: BLE001
logger.error(e)
logger.error("The LoaderExceptions are:")
for item in e.LoaderExceptions: # type: ignore[attr-defined] # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType,reportAttributeAccessIssue,reportUnknownVariableType]
logger.error(" %s", item.Message) # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType,reportUnknownArgumentType]
else:
for t in types:
try:
obj = __import__(t.Namespace) if t.Namespace else getattr(__import__("clr"), t.FullName)
except: # noqa: E722
obj = t
obj.__name__ = t.FullName
if obj.__name__ not in dotnet:
dotnet[obj.__name__] = obj
self._lib = DotNet(self._path, dotnet)
else:
msg = "Should not get here -- contact developers"
raise AssertionError(msg)
logger.debug("Loaded %s", self._path)
|